Bernard Quaritch

Bernard Quaritch was born in a village outside Göttingen, Germany. After first working for booksellers in Nordhausen and Berlin, he traveled to London in 1842, carrying a letter of introduction to Henry Bohn, the leading London bookseller. Quaritch was employed by Bohn until, in 1847, he set up his own business. Quaritch built up his business with an impressive clientele including those in this archive. He became lifelong friends with Edward Fitzgerald and published his translation of The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám in 1859. He continued in business until his death in 1899 when the business passed to his son, Bernard Alfred Quaritch. For a more in-depth biography see Bernard Quaritch Ltd: Our History.

We have a small collection of Personal Papers of Bernard Quaritch. This consists of letters from early orientalists and literary figures, mainly concerning the obtaining or selling of oriental literature. The catalogue for these papers can be found on Archives Hub.

Horace Hayman Wilson – an English orientalist, interested in the language and literature of India. In 1811 he was appointed as Secretary to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. In 1813 he published the first Sanskrit-English dictionary, and later, many other publications. He was an original member of the Royal Asiatic Society, of which he was director from 1837 until the time of his death. Wilson is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

Max Müller – a German-born philologist and Orientalist, a founder in the western academic field of Indian studies. He was born in Dessau and was educated in Leipzig. In 1850, he was appointed deputy Taylorian professor of modern European languages at Oxford University and in 1868 was made Oxford’s first Professor of Comparative Philology. “The Sacred Books of the East”, a 50-volume set of English translations, was prepared under his direction. He also promoted the idea of a Turanian family of languages.

Edward Fitzgerald – an English poet and writer, best known as the poet of the first and most famous English translation of The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. He was born in Suffolk, lived part of his childhood in France, and attended Trinity College, Cambridge. He became a lifelong friend of Bernard Quaritch who published his the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám in 1857, at first anonymously.

Sir Monier Monier-Williams – the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University, England. He studied, documented and taught Asian languages, especially Sanskrit, Persian and Hindustani. He was born in Mumbai, but educated in England. He taught at the East India Company College from 1844 until 1858. In 1860 he stood against Max Müller, and was appointed, for the position of Boden Chair of Sanskrit at Oxford University after the death of Horace Hayman Wilson. He was knighted in 1876.

Herbert Allen Giles – a British diplomat and sinologist who was the professor of Chinese at Cambridge University for 35 years. Giles was educated at Charterhouse School before becoming a British diplomat in China from 1867-1892. He modified a Mandarin Chinese romanisation system established by Thomas Wade, resulting in the widely known Wade–Giles Chinese romanisation system. Among his many works were translations of the Analects of Confucius, the Lao Tzu (Tao Te Ching), the Chuang Tzu, and, in 1892, A Chinese-English Dictionary.

James Legge – a Scottish sinologist, missionary, and scholar, best known as an early and prolific translator of Classical Chinese texts into English. Legge served as a representative of the London Missionary Society in Malacca and Hong Kong (1840–1873) and was the first Professor of Chinese at Oxford University (1876–1897). In association with Max Müller he prepared the Sacred Books of the East series, published in 50 volumes between 1879 and 1891.

Edwin Arnold – an English poet and journalist. He was born in Gravesend, Kent, and educated in Rochester and Oxford before becoming a schoolmaster in Birmingham. In 1856 he went to India as Principal of the Government Sanskrit College at Poona. He returned to England in 1861 and worked as a journalist for the Daily Telegraph. He was best known as a poet and specifically for interpreting Eastern philosophy and life in English verse. His chief work with this object is “The Light of Asia”, or “The Great Renunciation”, a poem of eight books in blank verse.

Ernest Satow – an exceptional linguist, an energetic traveller, a writer of travel guidebooks, a dictionary compiler, a mountaineer, a keen botanist, and a major collector of Japanese books and manuscripts on all kinds of subjects. He served in Japan and China as a diplomat and was Britain’s second plenipotentiary at the Second Hague Peace Conference.